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Behnisch, M and Ultsch, A (2009) Urban data-mining: spatiotemporal exploration of multidimensional data. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 520–32.

Brattebø, H, Bergsdal, H, Sandberg, N H, Hammervold, J and Müller, D B (2009) Exploring built environment stock metabolism and sustainability by systems analysis approaches. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 569–82.

Coffey, B, Borgeson, S, Selkowitz, S, Apte, J, Mathew, P and Haves, P (2009) Towards a very low-energy building stock: modelling the US commercial building sector to support policy and innovation planning. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 610–24.

Costin, G, Nakai Kidd, A, Simon, T and Edwards, D J (2019) Collaborative procurement and private-sector housebuilding and refurbishment works. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 699–717.

Falorca, J F (2019) Main functions for building maintenance management: an outline application. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 490–509.

Fatayer, F A, Hassanain, M A, Abdallah, A and Al-Hammad, A (2019) Investigation of facilities management practices for providing feedback during the design development and review stages. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 597–614.

Grill, M, Nielsen, K, Grytnes, R, Pousette, A and Törner, M (2019) The leadership practices of construction site managers and their influence on occupational safety: an observational study of transformational and passive/avoidant leadership. Construction Management and Economics, 37(05), 278–93.

Hassanain, M A, Al-Zahrani, M, Abdallah, A and Sayed, A M (2019) Assessment of factors affecting maintenance cost of public school facilities. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 528–46.

Hasselaar, E (2009) Health issues and the building stock. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 669–78.

Hassler, U (2009) Long-term building stock survival and intergenerational management: the role of institutional regimes. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 552–68.

Hedborg Bengtsson, S (2019) Coordinated construction logistics: an innovation perspective. Construction Management and Economics, 37(05), 294–307.

Ibbotson, K and Farrell, P (2019) The challenges of prioritising low carbon in public sector Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) construction. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 615–28.

Ismail, Z (2019) Developing a maintenance index framework for heritage concrete buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 510–27.

Kikwasi, G and Mbuya, E (2019) Vulnerability analysis of building structures to floods. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 629–56.

Kuitert, L, Volker, L and Hermans, M H (2019) Taking on a wider view: public value interests of construction clients in a changing construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 37(05), 257–77.

M., A (2019) An empirical study on life cycle assessment of double-glazed aluminium-clad timber windows. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 547–64.

Mavrogianni, A, Davies, M, Chalabi, Z, Wilkinson, P, Kolokotroni, M and Milner, J (2009) Space heating demand and heatwave vulnerability: London domestic stock. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 583–97.

Meijer, F, Itard, L and Sunikka-Blank, M (2009) Comparing European residential building stocks: performance, renovation and policy opportunities. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 533–51.

Meinel, G, Hecht, R and Herold, H (2009) Analyzing building stock using topographic maps and GIS. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 468–82.

Ojo, G K, Adeyeye, G M, Opawole, A and Kajimo-Shakantu, K (2019) Gender differences in workplace stress response strategies of quantity surveyors in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 718–32.

Oteng-Abayie, E F and Dramani, J B (2019) Time-frequency domain causality of prime building cost and macroeconomic indicators in Ghana: implications for project selection. Construction Management and Economics, 37(05), 243–56.

Owusu-Manu, D, Edwards, D J, Donkor-Hyiaman, K A, Asiedu, R O, Hosseini, M R and Obiri-Yeboah, E (2019) Housing attributes and relative house prices in Ghana. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 733–46.

Pakkala, T A, Köliö, A, Lahdensivu, J and Pentti, M (2019) Predicted corrosion rate on outdoor exposed concrete structures. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 679–98.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Corrosion; Adaptation; Concrete; Climate change; Reinforcement; Service life;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2398-4708
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-11-2018-0086
• Abstract:
  A significant part of Finnish concrete building stock is relatively young. Thus methods to adopt the existing building stock to climate change are needed. To plan and correctly timing the service actions there is a need to study the rates of different deterioration mechanisms. The reinforcement corrosion in Finnish outdoor exposed concrete structures is almost solely carbonation-induced corrosion. In former studies, it has been shown that active corrosion phase can also have a major effect on the total service life of the structure. The paper aims to discuss these issues. In this study, the effect of climate change on predicted corrosion rate of concrete reinforcement in projected 2050 and 2100 climates compared to present climate were studied to consider adaptation methods for the climate change. The calculations are based on a corrosion propagation model, which takes into account four different climatic factors: wind-driven rain, temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation. A significantly higher corrosion rates and thus faster corrosion-induced damage can be expected in the future climate. The increase in corrosion rate is the highest in the late autumn and winter because of the increasing amount of precipitation and weaker conditions for concrete structures to dry. In addition, the duration of high corrosion rate periods is increasing which may shorten the propagation phase. However, corrosion rate is highly dependent on the direction of the greatest climate load and the grade of sheltering which can be taken into account in service life calculations and while planning service actions. There are different sources of error because of the uncertainties with both the used model and the climate change scenarios. That is why the results are discussed in more general way than comparing the actual numbers with each other. The propagation model used in this study has not been used before in adaptation studies. The climate change effect on carbonation-induced corrosion has also been limited while the studies have focused on chloride-induced corrosion.

Peng, Z, Deng, W and Hong, Y (2019) Materials consumption, indoor thermal comfort and associated energy flows of urban residential buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 579–96.

Salat, S (2009) Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 598–609.

Sohail, M G, Salih, M, Al Nuaimi, N and Kahraman, R (2019) Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 657–78.

Steadman, P, Evans, S and Batty, M (2009) Wall area, volume and plan depth in the building stock. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 455–67.

Steemers, K and Yun, G Y (2009) Household energy consumption: a study of the role of occupants. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 625–37.

Sundling, R, Olander, S, Wallentén, P, Burke, S, Bernardo, R and Blomsterberg, & (2019) Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 565–78.

Tanikawa, H and Hashimoto, S (2009) Urban stock over time: spatial material stock analysis using 4d-GIS. Building Research & Information, 37(05), 483–502.