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Agha, R H and Kamara, J M (2017) Adaptations in traditional courtyard houses in Baghdad, Iraq. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 348–63.

Badi, S (2017) Public sustainable-energy requirements and innovation in UK PFI school projects. Construction Management and Economics, 35(04), 218-38.

Banfill, P F G and Peacock, A D (2007) Energy-efficient new housing - the UK reaches for sustainability. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 426–36.

Boardman, B (2007) Examining the carbon agenda via the 40% House scenario. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 363–78.

Botti, A and Ramos, M (2017) Adapting the design of a new care home development for a changing climate. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 417–33.

Brown, L A and Cresciani, M (2017) Adaptable design in Olympic construction. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 397–416.

Conejos, S, Chew, M Y and Yung, E H (2017) The future adaptivity of nineteenth century heritage buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 332–47.

Demirel, H Ç, Leendertse, W, Volker, L and Hertogh, M (2017) Flexibility in PPP contracts: dealing with potential change in the pre-contract phase of a construction project. Construction Management and Economics, 35(04), 196-206.

Fieldson, R (2017) The afterlife clause; towards a strategy for improved adaptation in retail property. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 364–79.

Heidrich, O, Kamara, J, Maltese, S, Re Cecconi, F and Dejaco, M C (2017) A critical review of the developments in building adaptability. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 284–303.

Hemström, K, Gustavsson, L and Mahapatra, K (2017) The sociotechnical regime and Swedish contractor perceptions of structural frames. Construction Management and Economics, 35(04), 184-95.

Kohler, N and Yang, W (2007) Long-term management of building stocks. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 351–62.

Ladinski, V (2017) Designing for adaptability: The Gateshead Civic Centre. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 380–96.

Lisø, K R, Myhre, L, Kvande, T, Thue, J V and Nordvik, V (2007) A Norwegian perspective on buildings and climate change. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 437–49.

Lowe, R (2007) Technical options and strategies for decarbonizing UK housing. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 412–25.

Nwachukwu, C V, Udeaja, C, Chileshe, N and Okere, C E (2017) The critical success factors for stakeholder management in the restoration of built heritage assets in the UK. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(04), 304–31.

Phua, F T T (2017) Does the built-environment industry attract risk-taking individuals?. Construction Management and Economics, 35(04), 207-17.

Salagnac, J-L (2007) Lessons from the 2003 heat wave: a French perspective. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 450–7.

Schiller, G (2007) Urban infrastructure: challenges for resource efficiency in the building stock. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 399–411.

Shipworth, D (2007) The Stern Review: implications for construction. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 478–84.

ürge-Vorsatz, D, Harvey, L D D, Mirasgedis, S and Levine, M D (2007) Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 379–98.

ürge-Vorsatz, D, Koeppel, S and Mirasgedis, S (2007) Appraisal of policy instruments for reducing buildings' CO2 emissions. Building Research & Information, 35(04), 458–77.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: building stock; carbon reduction; climate change; economic instruments; energy efficiency; mitigation; public policy; regulation
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0961-3218
  • URL: http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=0961-3218&volume=35&issue=4&spage=458
  • Abstract:
    The building sector currently contributes approximately one-third of energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide. It is economically possible to achieve a 30% reduction. However, numerous barriers such as financial and behavioural issues, market failures, and misplaced incentives prevent the realization of the high economic potentials. Which policy instruments are the most appropriate and cost-effective for reducing these barriers? To address this question, 20 policy instruments were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing emissions, cost-effectiveness, applicability and special conditions for success. The appraisal is based on over 60 ex-post policy evaluation reports from about 30 countries and country groups, representing best-practice examples of the application of these instruments. Appliance standards, building codes, tax exemptions and voluntary labelling were found to be the most effective policy instruments contrary to others such as Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms or energy/carbon taxation. The most cost-effective instruments, all achieving energy savings at negative costs for society, were appliance standards, demand-side management programmes and mandatory labelling. Since all policy instruments have limitations and only help overcome some barriers, they are most effective if combined into policy packages designed for the respective location, economy and culture.