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Afful, A E, Ayarkwa, J, Acquah, G K K, Osei-Asibey, D and Osei Assibey, A A D (2023) Barriers to incorporation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) principles into building designs. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2400-19.
Boyd, D and Bentley, D (2012) A critique of conceptions of design and management in construction projects. Construction Management and Economics, 30(06), 441-54.
Bröchner, J, Josephson, P-E and Kadefors, A (2002) Swedish construction culture, quality management and collaborative practice. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 392–400.
Cevikbas, M and Işık, Z (2023) Detecting the most appropriate delay analysis methods for mega airport projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2463-80.
Durdyev, S, Koc, K, Karaca, F and Gurgun, A P (2023) Strategies for implementation of green roofs in developing countries. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2481-502.
Erman, E (2002) Timber joint design: the geometric breakdown method. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 446–69.
Fitriani, H and Ajayi, S (2023) Investigation of requisite measures for enhancing sustainable construction practices in Indonesia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2602-20.
Gao, Q, Liu, B, Sun, J, Liu, C and Xu, Y (2023) Border-crossing frequencies of CO2 embodied in international trade of construction products for final demand. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2360-80.
Jennings, W (2012) Why costs overrun: risk, optimism and uncertainty in budgeting for the London 2012 Olympic Games. Construction Management and Economics, 30(06), 455-62.
Khatatbeh, A A (2023) Quantifying the impact of ISO 9001 standard on the project and engineering management and success factors; A case of construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2564-81.
Langston, C (2023) The empirical relationship between contractor success and project innovation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2231-54.
Lehtiranta, L, Kärnä, S, Junnonen, J-M and Julin, P (2012) The role of multi-firm satisfaction in construction project success. Construction Management and Economics, 30(06), 463-75.
Mohandes, S R, Durdyev, S, Sadeghi, H, Mahdiyar, A, Hosseini, M R, Banihashemi, S and Martek, I (2023) Towards enhancement in reliability and safety of construction projects: developing a hybrid multi-dimensional fuzzy-based approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2255-79.
Ofori, G (2002) Singapore's construction: moving toward a knowledge-based industry. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 401–12.
Olatunji, O A, Ramanayaka, C D E, Rotimi, F E and Rotimi, J O B (2023) Analysis of contractors' administrative characteristics in bid decision factors. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2420-35.
Omar, H and Mahdjoubi, L (2023) Practical solutions for improving the suboptimal performance of construction projects using Dubai construction projects as an example. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2185-205.
Onubi, H O, Hassan, A S, Yusof, N and Bahdad, A A S (2023) Moderating effect of project size on the relationship between COVID-19 safety protocols and economic performance of construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2206-30.
Pietroforte, R and Miller, J B (2002) Procurement methods for US infrastructure: historical perspectives and recent trends. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 425–35.
Qiu, Y and Chen, H (2023) A systematic review of the knowledge domain of institutional theory in construction project management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2523-44.
Reeves, K (2002) Construction business systems in Japan: general contractors and subcontractors. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 413–24.
Rwelamila, P D (2002) Creating an effective construction industry strategy in South Africa. Building Research & Information, 30(06), 435–45.
Shahid, M U, Thaheem, M J and Arshad, H (2023) Quantification and benchmarking of construction waste and its impact on cost – a case of Pakistan. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2304-33.
- Type: Journal Article
- Keywords: construction waste; cost impact; quantitative data; subcontracting; waste management plan
- ISBN/ISSN:
- URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2019-0375
- Abstract:
Purpose: The construction industry struggles in environmental and economic performance due to waste generation. Several studies have measured this waste in the construction industry of developing countries like India, Brazil, China, Nigeria and Iran, and proposed strategies to enhance the overall efficiency. But no such work exists in Pakistan’s context. The construction industry of Pakistan contributes significantly to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). And with several mega projects in progress to overcome the energy crises and improve the infrastructure of the country, the absence of proper waste management policies and plans calls for empirical research. Therefore, this study quantifies and benchmarks material waste in the local context, its impact on project cost and the effect of multiple subcontracting arrangements on waste generation. It also proposes a conceptual waste management plan (WMP) for local conditions which can be generalized for developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses a mixed research approach by leveraging Saunders’s research onion model. To benchmark the current wastage practices, quantitative data of material waste in the Pakistani construction industry are gathered through document review of accounting systems, inventory and payment records of 40 completed building projects. Using the data, the waste rate of different materials is measured along with their impact on cost. Additionally, the role of subcontracting arrangements in waste generation is also investigated. Also, semi-structured interviews are conducted with project managers of high- and low-performing construction organizations to propose a conceptual WMP for the local industry and developing countries. Findings: The highest wasteful materials by quantity are wood, sand and concrete blocks, and those by cost are wood, bricks and steel. By quantity, 123% more material was used on average than the actual productive work. Also, the labor only (L-O) subcontracting arrangement causes maximum waste. Moreover, the difference between the highest (155%) and lowest wasting company (104%) is 51%, highlighting the proactive and resistive waste management culture and approach by the worst- and best-performing companies. Further, the impact of waste quantities is more than 2% of the project cost. Finally, a conceptual model consisting of measures at the project, industry and national levels is also proposed as a guide for developing countries. Practical implications: The findings of this benchmarking study can help improve the project planning, execution and monitoring, and control practices by providing a better understanding of the material waste potential. This will help economize the construction industry and improve its sustainability. Originality/value: This is the first benchmarking study that quantitatively measures material waste in the construction industry of Pakistan. It highlights that costly as well as sustainability-implicating materials are frequently wasted in the local construction projects. Also, this study correlates the wastage with subcontracting arrangements. Additionally, an original conceptual WMP is proposed that could help the industry improve its performance. The findings could help the construction professionals identify the loopholes in their material management practices and not only save money but also ensure better sustainability.
Shi, C, Chen, Y, Hua, Y and Tang, Y (2023) Understanding subcontracting organizational arrangements for construction projects in China: integrating capabilities and uncertainty. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2381-99.
Shi, Q, Zuo, J and Zillante, G (2012) Exploring the management of sustainable construction at the programme level: a Chinese case study. Construction Management and Economics, 30(06), 425-40.
Sodangi, M (2023) Towards attaining efficient joint ventures in international construction: the case of Saudi Arabia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2545-63.
Tetteh, M O, Chan, A P C, Nani, G, Darko, A and Oppong, G D (2023) Impacts of management control mechanisms on the performance of international construction joint ventures: an empirical study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2280-303.
Xie, L L, Luo, Z and Zhao, X (2023) Critical factors of construction workers' career promotion: evidence from Guangzhou city. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2334-59.
Yuan, X X (2012) Bayesian method for the correlated competitive bidding model. Construction Management and Economics, 30(06), 477-91.
Zaman, U, Florez-Perez, L, Anjam, M, Ghani Khwaja, M and Ul-Huda, N (2023) At the end of the world, turn left: examining toxic leadership, team silence and success in mega construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2436-62.
Zhang, H M, Chong, H Y, Zeng, Y and Zhang, W (2023) The effective mediating role of stakeholder management in the relationship between BIM implementation and project performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(06), 2503-22.